Laser-induced stress engineering allows controlled modification of the internal stress state of glass.

By tailoring laser parameters and scan strategies, predefined fracture paths or controlled cleaving can be achieved.

This is useful for precision cutting and mechanical separation of brittle materials.

Femtosecond laser welding enables direct joining of glass components through localized melting at the interface.

The process allows hermetic, high-strength bonds without adhesives or intermediate layers.

It is particularly relevant for optical assemblies, microfluidic devices and sensor packaging.

Ultrafast laser ablation enables precise material removal from glass surfaces with minimal heat-affected zones.

Due to the extremely short pulse duration, energy is deposited faster than thermal diffusion, resulting in so-called athermal or cold ablation.
This process is commonly used for micro-drilling, cutting and contouring of glass components.

Selective Laser Etching (SLE) combines femtosecond laser modification of glass with subsequent chemical etching to create complex three-dimensional microstructures.

Laser-modified regions exhibit significantly increased etch rates compared to unmodified glass, enabling high-aspect-ratio structures.

SLE is particularly suited for microfluidics, micromechanics and glass-based microdevices that cannot be realized by planar fabrication techniques.

Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are self-organized patterns formed on material surfaces under ultrafast laser irradiation.

Their characteristic feature size is typically on the order of the laser wavelength or below.

LIPSS are studied for applications in optics, tribology, and surface functionalization.

Laser-fabricated anti-reflective surfaces rely on micro- or nanoscale surface structures that gradually modify the effective refractive index at the glass–air interface.

These subwavelength structures can significantly reduce Fresnel reflections over a broad wavelength range.

Ultrafast laser processing enables maskless fabrication of such structures directly on glass surfaces.

Ultrafast laser-based glass–metal and glass–polymer joining enables hybrid integration of dissimilar materials.

Localized energy deposition allows mechanical interlocking or fusion bonding while minimizing thermal stress.

This approach is used in advanced packaging and microsystem integration.

Every circle indicates an available laser with a fixed pulse duration.

Every line indicates a laser with a variable pulse duration with a range of pulse duration.

The pulse durations are selectable via computer and can be part of a receipt.